There's been a lot of negative speculation about how our waste depots will be overflowing with electric car batteries that can no longer power our EV cars!- how expensive it will be to recycle them - how difficult it will be to recycle all the components - even, some commentators, how dangerous it will be! AGAIN! ALL WRONG!
As Saul Griffiths shows in his 2022 book 'The Big Switch', when an EV battery has to be replaced, the last thing you do is throw it away! Even though it can't provide the boost and acceleration required for a car, it makes a very inexpensive, efficient and effective home storage battery for roof generated solar energy.! That was exactly my plan for my Honda hybrid battery that was still going strong after 13 years and 250,00 kms!- but then I moved to an apartment with no solar roof!- not yet anyway!
Now a Los Angeles based company B2U Storage Solutions has gone much, much further! Its solar generation facility is storing the electricity produced in 1300 second-life Nissan and Honda EV batteries! There was no battery modification required so repurposing costs were negligible! The system currently is storing 25 MWh and generated US$1 million revenue in 2022 selling its stored energy into the California power market. The system can also use EV batteries from any car brand.
So! The number of batteries an EV will use in a long, long lifetime - very few moving parts in an EV engine! - is not an issue- as some other blockers have warned! In fact with the potential use of sodium [salt] ion batteries - already developed for domestic and industrial energy storage in the UK [see the page of this website on Na-ion batteries]- every component of EV batteries will be easily repurposed if necessary!